Strawberry DNA Extraction Lab Formal Write Up

Purpose : This lab was conducted in order to show and analyze the way DNA is extracted.Hypothesis: If the lab is conducted properly then we should be able to view a visible amount of DNA from the strawberry and detergent mixture.Variables: The independent variable in this experiment is the strawberry mixture while the dependent variable is the amount of DNA extracted.Procedure-summary: Place a strawberry in a plastic baggy filled with the detergent mix and crush the strawberry, mixing the pulp with the detergent mix thoroughly, pour the detergent mixture into the funnel. Let the liquid from the mixture drain into the beaker then add the ethanol to the mixture.Data:Observations- The ethanol sat on top of the detergent due to its lighter density. Bubbles started rising as soon as the ethanol was added durn turning the liquid cloudy. The DNA grouped rapidly, taking no longer than two to three minuets total before slowing down and seeming to stop grouping. The DNA itself looked like sput um or phlegm, and was easily extracted from the mixture and sticky to the touch. When the DNA was extracted from the test tube and the mixture was stirred, more DNA started to collect at the top.Analysis:-As the strawberry is physically mashed into the detergent the cells are broken down and opened. The ethanol is else dense than the mixture and draws the now accessible DNA to the surface where it is viewable.-In comparing the extraction of strawberry DNA compared to human DNA, given a sample of the same amount of cells, there would be more DNA extracted from the strawberry for it has eight sets of chromosomes while humans just have two sets.-In real world situations DNA extraction would be used in something as complex as a murder investigation, in which DNA would have to be extracted to match a perpetrator to the evidence, or as simple as a pregnancy test.-A single cotton thread can not be seen from 100 feet away, but thousands of cotton threads together in a rope would be visible. The same applies to DNA in this experiment. A single double helix is hard to view even with the most complex of microscope, but when thousands of sticky little DNA strands bind together in the ethanol solution they become visible to the human eye.-Based on prior knowledge I know that the extraction of human DNA from mussel tissue is quite similar to the extraction of DNA from a strawberry and also ethanol based. That fact is to be expected for really there is no major cellular difference between strawberries and humans minus the fact that one is plant and the other is animal. Both are eukaryotic.Conclusion:In the experiment, DNA was successfully extracted from a strawberry, demonstrating the process a real life scientists would possibly extract DNA from cells. The lab was intact successful for the group and I were able to extract a visible amount of DNA from the mixture.There was really no source of error in this lab due to its simplicity. I feel in order to improve this lab, we sh ould compare the amount of strawberry DNA to another fruit like a banana or kiwi. I personally learned the physical process of DNA extraction as well as what DNA looks like.

Pen and Paper

Many people believe that formal â€Å"pen and paper† examinations are not the best method of assessing educational achievement.Discuss this view and give your own opinion.achievement ? improvement Schooling development is becoming increasingly popular and prominent as well as education improvement is (the improvement of education representing) (N+N) an essential stage for any countries(country) which seeking to develop itself. Number of people (A considerable number of people ) think that using a pen and paper in examinations are(is) not the best way of appreciation education achievement(means by which to appreciate educational achievement) .Opponents regards(regard) that using(the use of) classic formal (pen and paper)examinations are(as being)(( the best manner of assessing education development (by which to assess educational development). This essay will discuss these tow (two) views in terms of the technological field and the traditional field .On the one hand , there is no justification for using traditional examinations in the presence (the face of the expansion) of technology . By(The use of) technological tools and programs becomes processing a data (makes data processing) after the test very(highly) comfortable and easy (straightforward). In addition , it can be use the information(the information can be used) to discover things(examine issues) such as the discovery of common mistakes , finding the most difficult questions and many more(so on) . Furthermore , it is really easy to correct examinations after the exams(subsequent to being sat) , as well as do not take a long(taking less) time to finish all it (such corrections). For example , the TCExam is an electronic tasting(testing) program which(for) making a exams and (that) it can correct 100 exams for (in) less than one minute . Because of technology , it could say (be said that) we do not use traditional exams are no longer needed.On the other hand , classic exams could reinforce a saving words(the retention of information) in the human memory rather(better) than any(other) method . For instance , According(according) to statistics , when the learner use writing(writes information) by hand , prevent forget words(they forget)30% for the (less of the information than a )person using a computer . Moreover , using a pen and paper in a formal are(setting allows for a) very straightforward examinations . When(When) are decided(deciding) to using(use) a traditional exams technique , there is only a need to (for) papers and pens , unlike technological exams which need to(a) complete set of equipment . and accurate . As a result , using(the use of a) formal (pen and paper) examination can represent a substantial element in education(educational) development .In conclusion , it might not be possible to cover all the aspects of this issue . However , this essay has focused only on the technological field and traditional fields . The most important points that have mentioned are that there is no justification for using traditional examinations in the presence of technology , and (whilst )using a pen and paper formal are(allows for a) very straightforward examinations . Finally , it can be said that using technological exams most likely represents the best way of assessing education(educational) achievement .

Response to Buckley Essay Essay

According to William F. Buckley, American people everywhere have refrained from Trying to rectify irrational vexations (32). In Buckley essay, Why Dont We Complain? he explains some situations that he was involved in where no one would complain to repair an uncomfortable situation. Through out the essay, Buckley gives three reasons why he believes that the American people do not complain. I agree strongly with Buckley theories. I think that American people do not complain in situations where a complaint is needed. The first theory that he stated is that everyone expects someone else to complain (33). One of the worst ways to solve a dilemma is to expect someone else to do it prior to you. Situations come up all the time where someone is needed to stand out above the rest of the people to get the problem solved. However, what if no one is willing to be the one who attempts to solve the situation? Does this mean the situation will not get fixed? I believe this type of situation happens more than people notice. Expecting someone else to solve the problem was one of the powerful points I felt that Buckley explained in his essay. An example that he used demonstrated this point very well. He was on a train where the temperature was very uncomfortable. It was 85 degrees in the train when the temperature was below freezing outside. He knew that everyone was suffering from the heat, including himself, but no one asked to get the temperature altered (31-32). He then stated this is because people have given up trying to rectify irrational vexations (32). They expect someone else to complain about an unpleasant situation. One example that I recall where this had occurred to me was at work while I was putting in place underground cable. It was an extremely hot day and a very hard day of work. By 4:00 in the afternoon, the water cooler was empty and I was very thirsty. I thought that everyone else was dehydrated also, so I did not pronounce anything to foreman about the empty cooler. By the end of the long day, around 9:00 at night, it was time to go home. Over that entire period, the water cooler never was filled because everyone expected someone else to tell the foreman, who was not accepted by many of my co-workers. The second theory that Buckley used is that people are afraid to state their mind (33). Are people apprehensive to complain? Buckley thinks that people can be afraid to complain. He stated that we are all increasingly anxious in America to be unobtrusive, we are reluctant to make our voices heard, hesitant about claiming our rights; we are afraid that our cause is unjust, or that if it is not unjust, that it is ambiguous, or if not even that, that it is too trivial to justify the horrors of a confrontation with Authority (33). I feel that people sometimes can be scared to fight for their cause. They are afraid what result may come from it. Sometimes I am worried to complain. I think that the cause is not worth the complaint or I may be terrified of what someone may think of me if I complain. An example that I recall where I was afraid to complain happened to me just recently. I took my truck in to a repair shop to get some work done on it. I would call every day to see if it was done, but each time I spoke to the service guy, he would tell me that the mechanic could not find the problem. He placed many new parts in my truck and still did not solve the problem. After two weeks of work, I got my truck back. It was merely a simple problem the mechanic could not locate because of his inexperience. I wanted to complain about the time-consuming service and the lousy mechanic, but I thought that maybe it was unjust because they were busy. I agree with the theory that Buckley includes because I can think of many times where I have felt this way. Should people be afraid to complain or should they always be free minded about an unjust cause? The third point that was made in the essay by Buckley states that the high-powered government is taking rights away from the people. He states, very year, whether the Republican or the Democratic Party is in office, more and more power drains away from the individual to feed vast reservoirs in far-off places; and we have less and less say about the shape of events which shape our future (36). He also says that we accept the government power to hold upon us (36). The government is responsible for the great number of American deaths in Korea and is now responsible for billions of tax dollars spent every year. However, only a few Americans are willing to stand up against the government and strive for what they feel is right. Is this because of the high-powered government? I feel that this may result in  decreasing complaints, but I do not agree completely. The government may have a lot of power over America but I think that Buckley other points support his case stronger. After analyzing Buckley essay, I started to focus on situations like those that he used as examples in the essay. I found many of the same incidents that Buckley stated in the essay true. I thought that the reasons that he uses had significance in the essay. People are expecting someone else to complain, people being afraid, and people not complaining because of the government increase in power all seem like strong-based theories to me.

Commercialisation of Research Findings in Malaysia Article

Commercialisation of Research Findings in Malaysia - Article Example ient which need to be immediately taken into consideration in order to compete profitably in the global scenario (National Economic Advisory Council, â€Å"New Economic Model for Malaysia†). Furthermore, the study of science and technology is crucial for the growth and development of the industries as well as the entire nation. The emerging markets across the world, particularly in Asia are continuously striving to innovate and introduce new products and new services. Hence, for the firms in emerging markets such as India, China and Malaysia, it is important to make considerable investments in research and development (R&D) and effectively initiate R&D outcome at the marketplace for sustaining their competiveness against the developed market firms of America and Japan. At the same time, it is essential for the policy-makers of these emerging market countries to recognize innovation and commercialization as one of the vital issues which needs to be critically addressed for ensuring thriving economic performance (Lester, â€Å"Universities, Innovation, and The competitiveness of Local Economies: Summary Report from the Local Innovation Project — Phase I†).. In the recent times, Malaysia and other developing nations have engaged in following certain strategic approaches for effectively utilizing innovation as one of the sources for growth and development. Over the years, it has been apparent that Malaysia has firmly been focusing its efforts towards transforming itself as an innovation-based economy. Evidently, there has been dramatic shift in terms of information, knowledge and innovation in the past few years. Nonetheless, shift in creativity and innovation alone cannot be regarded as enough for maintaining competiveness in the highly dynamic socio-economical environment. Therefore, emphasizing on research and development and introducing research results effectively at the market is essential for remaining viable in the present highly competitive market.

Consequences of Pragmatism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consequences of Pragmatism - Essay Example They understand the people but not their philosophy. Sometimes we continue to live our lives without realizing that our perspective has become stagnant. We consider our viewpoints to be true because the people around us accept it as the truth. When we went to war against Afghanistan, we saw them as the bad guys. But when we read about the horror that we inflicted upon them, we realize that we are the bad guys. The truth changes meaning for different people and different times. Therefore I argue against fact that there is something known as the absolute truth. Absolute truth changes with the viewpoint of the society. It changes with people, time, ideals, leader etc. For instance, the absolute truth changed for me when I came to America. Even as I interacted with the people in America, their viewpoints also changed and so did their absolute truth. Considering the fact that stereotypes guide our understanding of the people and world around us, is it possible for us to embrace the concep ts of the positivists. The positivists came as a reaction to the prevalent racism and nationalism that was hindering man’s search for the absolute truth. These positivists aimed for a universal language that could bring together people from different wakes of life. But when asks whether it is possible to develop that one universal language, the answer is not that simple. According to Wittgenstein, ‘It is only in language that one can mean something by something’ (Rotary).Therefore, in order for a word to mean something, there must be people giving meaning to the world. The people giving meaning to this word already have a lens on their eyes that makes their world from the other person who though has a lens but his is a little... The truth changes meaning for different people and different times. Therefore I argue against fact that there is something known as the absolute truth. Absolute truth changes with the viewpoint of the society. It changes with people, time, ideals, leader etc. For instance, the absolute truth changed for me when I came to America. Even as I interacted with the people in America, their viewpoints also changed and so did their absolute truth.Considering the fact that stereotypes guide our understanding of the people and world around us, is it possible for us to embrace the concepts of the positivists. The positivists came as a reaction to the prevalent racism and nationalism that was hindering man’s search for the absolute truth. These positivists aimed for a universal language that could bring together people from different wakes of life.But when asks whether it is possible to develop that one universal language, the answer is not that simple. According to Wittgenstein, ‘I t is only in language that one can mean something by something’ (Rotary).Therefore, in order for a word to mean something, there must be people giving meaning to the world. The people giving meaning to this word already have a lens on their eyes that makes their world from the other person who though has a lens but his is a little different according to his cultural and social background. The different lenses thus become a major impediment towards the development of a universal language.

20th-CENTURY ART, MUSEUM PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

20th-CENTURY ART, MUSEUM PAPER - Essay Example Then the two works will be examined individually, seeking similarities and differences. Lastly, a summarizing conclusion will include this student’s impressions. Since the two paintings here were painted only three years apart, a look into the locations of their origin and influences is merited. The lives and works of both these artists changed when they gained new insights on the use of color: Matisse when he met John Peter Russell1, and Severini when he met Boccioni 2. Both lived and worked at a time when the world was making new relationships with scientific progress. Invention of new modes of transport kicked up speed; technology was increasing, and an industrial explosion made employment, and affordability of consumer items, available to all (or almost all). There was conflict in world politics that would soon lead to two world wars. Established traditions, and the depiction of nature and natural things, started to be replaced by a general interest in mechanization and synthetic substance3. Until then, art was sentimental and - with the exception of some expressionists’ work - largely representational: that is, it depicted persons, places, and things more or less as they were seen by a normal eye. With the advent of photography in the late 1800s, the need for pa inters to portray people, objects and places precisely was gone.4 In 1909, Futurism was introduced in Europe. It was a movement, started in Italy, that attacked the general fear of technology in everyday life. It had a written manifesto about an ‘exciting new world’ that could be represented in art.5 Severini was one of the first artists to sign the manifesto.6 He had an ear to the ground and felt what was coming. Matisse, on the other hand, was a friend of Picasso’s, an artist who greatly influenced modern art. They both moved in Parisian circles that questioned existing philosophy and established attitudes and beliefs: their art

Plate tectonics (earthquakes and volcanoes) Essay

Plate tectonics (earthquakes and volcanoes) - Essay Example In that case oceans filled the areas between the created new sub-continents. Also, the land mass moves apart continuously as it rides on its plate till it reached a place that resides now. The said continents are still on the move to currently. The occurrence of plate tectonics has not been known exactly what drives despite the existence of theories. From one of the theory, it mentions that the convection that exist within the earth’s mantle pushes the plate in much similar way as air heated by our bodies as it rises upward and gets deflected sideways once it reaches the ceiling. From another theory, it associates gravity with the pulling of the older, colder and the heavier ocean floor forces than that newer and lighter seafloor. Plate tectonics activity occurs at four types of boundaries. They include the divergent boundaries where new crust is created, convergent boundaries have its crust consumed, collision boundaries have its land masses colliding whereas the transform bo undaries has its later sliding against each other (Conrad &Lithgow 13). Plate tectonics occurred from the theory that was first initiated in the early 20th century by a meteorologist named Alfred Wegener. In the year 1912, Wegener identified that the coastlines of both the east coast of South America and west coast of Africa were in a position to fit together like the common jigsaw puzzle. From further examination of the globe, it revealed that all of the earth continents fitted together in a way. At that instance, Wegener suggested that all continents in one time connected in single supercontinents called Pangaea. The researcher believed that the continents gradually drifted apart around 300 million years ago. In 1929 Arthur Holmes, who was a British geologist came up with the theory of thermal convection that explained the movement of the earth’s continent (Conrad &Lithgow

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Management - Essay Example Motosuzhou is looking for technical and training opportunities from developed countries such as US. However, the negotiation failed as the negotiation teams failed to come on common grounds due to communication and trust issues. This case study aims to discuss the dissimilarities between both the cultures and how this impacted the negotiation process. Furthermore, this case study would move on to evaluate the reasons for the failure of the negotiation team and how this was impacted by the composition of the team. In the end, the case study would provide strategic alternatives and recommendations for this particular case. What are the main characteristics of Chinese culture? How do they differ from the predominant characteristics of U.S culture? How do these differences relate to the negotiation process? Chinese culture is a culture quite different from that of the American culture. Chinese culture relies on eastern values and traditions while the American culture is more modernized a nd relies of western values. Often these cultures come at a clash with each other due to the inherent differences in the way people within these cultures interact (Lee, Yang and Graham, 2006). The concept of Guanxi is very important for the Chinese. It relates to the building of a network within the business circle. This relationship is built upon mutual obligations that are not necessarily spoken among the people but these obligations are implied and known. Guanxi is developed usually among the Chinese people and foreigners are not included within this network due to cultural and language differences. The Guanxi is a powerful tool among the Chinese to develop trust among each other and to get the job done with minimal issues. In the case of negotiating with foreigners such as the Americans, Guanxi is not present. This means that the negotiation process lacks one of the basic elements and this makes negotiation considerably difficult (Pye, 1982). Trust is also another aspect of the Chinese culture. The Chinese must trust the other person they are dealing with before they sign an agreement with him. Trust is cultivated by spending time together and by belonging to the network. However, the Americans take on a direct approach. They use the law as a means of dealing with untrustworthy people. In the negotiation process, the Chinese take on a slower approach to negotiation as compared to the Americans (Tung, 1982). The Chinese is formal culture as opposed to the informality found within the American culture. The formality within relationships does not imply that the Chinese are pretentious or false. In the Chinese culture, expressing one’s emotion on the face is considered impolite behavior and thus the Chinese have a method of masking their emotions of hurt, anger, frustration behind a mask of neutrality. The Americans on the other hand, are forthcoming with their emotions and they believe in direct expressing of their emotions. While the Americans rely on direct words to convey their message, the Chinese are usually subtle in expressing their thoughts and opinions (Ghauri and Fang, 2001). In a negotiation process, the Americans go about by laying down the basic principles and demands. Once these demands and principles are acknowledged, they move on to the next phase of the negotiation process. In the Chinese culture, people wish to develop mutual understanding and trust before beginning the negotiation p

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The whole logical decision making procedures begin with scrutinizing the project that falls under the domain of the engineering professional field and analyzing the output or the consequences of those projects within the circumstances that encircles the most preserved ideals and principles. At later stages, these engineering ethics listed ideals are being actively considered by scientific and technical professionals in a situation of necessity specially those which would create public roles out of those professionals in situations where their understanding of technology and its impact could become a sapling with a potential to enable common public to have a peek into new thinking, debate, and action. Hence, ethical responsibility has now moved beyond the earlier definition that revolves around decency, honesty and truthfulness in life. At the same time, it has moved past the concept of wise decision making and is now more than mere selection through those wise concepts over choices s plattered suddenly or better to say unexpectedly. The moral for an individual should now diversify with the spurted desire to involve others and forming a team in taking decisions with a purpose to define the steps undertaking the crucial choices. The difficulty over here is that of utilizing own intelligence that might sometime challenge the dominance of the technology and machines (Collins). Various societies of professional Engineers have provided code of ethics for engineers. Almost all those enlisted codes underscore the importance of engineering profession and how an engineering profession makes changes to this world could and hence needs to follow those codes. The structure over which this world now relies for day to day movement and work is very much a result of efforts made by Engineering for centuries. They have got direct and vital impact on common man's life and their quality of living. Their presence is everywhere either in form of service or products that have now become indispensible. The electricity, electronic equipments, the houses we live, the roads e travel, the vehicle we board, the communication devices through which we make virtual connection with the rest of the world. The presence of engineering marvel is spread all across. Now, here comes the point which encircles over issues that makes the code of engineering ethics important. The engineers are s upposed or better to say have a say almost everywhere including public health, safety and welfare. So, they need to practice highest level of honesty, fairness, impartiality and equity. The standard of professional behavior being practiced by engineers should enlighten itself through highest principles of ethical conduct (NSPE, [National Society for Professional Engineers]). The code begins with some fundamental canons. These provides point wise list following which is a must when engineers are observing their professional duties. These canons have great importance as they necessitate the importance of engineering as a profession and at the same time provide engineers a level of seriousness to their existence and utilization as a professional. The code states that the most important of all is nothing but public's safety, welfare and

Statistical Process Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Process Control - Research Paper Example Statistical scholars and researchers have established that statistical process control constitutes the testing of a random sample of any output from a procedure to establish whether the exercise produces variables within a range that is preselected. In week two, obstacles were identified during the morning preparation routine. The bottlenecks were found to be as a result of lack of technology and automation in the process. Specifically, a bottleneck was created at three main points, the time spent waiting on reports to generate, reviewing the reports and then auditing completed work. This is to say that the longer the amount of time spent in such duties, the shorter is the time allocated for the actual work on files. One of the open options to overcome this challenge is to allocate overtime hours every day so that the tasks can be undertaken with some time allowance to absorb the expected lag time. A more realistic and cost effective solution to the bottleneck would be to implement t echnology and automation to make the work more streamlined and eliminate the waiting period created in the current system. Some constraints’ theorists like Goldratt, argues that the best remedial measure against a problem dependent on problem solving skills. The techniques provide a layout of procedure that helps in identification of the constraints, eliminating them and seeking out other feasible alternatives (Persse, 2008). In other words, once the time taken to review data is shortened, then the next target is to reduce the time. of carrying out the morning routine duties. It is imperative that the significance of statistical tools in solving real life challenges like the one in question are taken into consideration (Mesbah, at al. 2002). Some of the measures of central tendency and dispersion that are vital in computing the tabulated data to establish a solution include mean and standard deviation. Data Summary for the two weeks in hours Week One Day Creating daily workloads (Minutes) Reviewing progress/completion (Min) Monday 38 37 Tuesday 38 30 Wednesday 41 34 Thursday 30 29 Friday 26 37 During the first week, the data was collected for five days covering from Monday to Friday. During the week, the data collected was based on the duration of time required to prepare the daily workloads as well as to audit the progress/completion of the daily workloads. Over the five days, the duration taken in preparing the workloads for each of the five days range from 26 minutes to a maximum of 41 minutes. This gives the range of 15 minutes as the spread of the workload creation time. On the other hand, during the same week, the manager had to spend some time reviewing the completion and the progress of the daily accounts.

Earning a Quality Award Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Earning a Quality Award - Research Paper Example The first step that led to winning the award was the fact that the company had been consistent in offering quality services to its customers. This was in line with the requirements of the of the Malcolm Baldrige standards. Secondly, despite the company not winning the award for many years since it’s founding, they went ahead to make use of quality feedbacks received over the years from the award winners to improve their standards. Mike Frihart, a director at the company, was determined to complete applications for the award winning for several years and therefore highlighting the company’s willingness to continuously advance by regularly reviewing their performance standards. In the third step, the management adopted employee motivation schemes to encourage them to participate optimally to yield high quality products. They were rewarded with financial incentives proportionate to the company’s success, which enabled the company to retain and employ workers with sufficient skills leading to the manufacture of the best possible products. Winning an award is appreciated the world over. Winners of any kind of award get a boost and are branded as achievers in their dealings. In this context, awards have been accompanied by the following benefits: Companies that have won awards realize increase in the sales of their products because the awards act to prove validity of their products and reassure customers that the goods they consume are worthy. New customers also get influenced by this confirmation and in the long run demand for their products increases thereby improving sales. An award confirms good quality of goods/services by an organization. Through this, products/services are proved to be of required standards and the customers always feel satisfied to consuming safe goods. This is comparable to soccer scenarios. For instance, Barcelona FC has satisfied fans world over since they win awards every year. Fans,

Hart & Dworkin Essay Example for Free

Hart Dworkin Essay H. L. A. Hart’s concept of legal positivism was heavily influenced by Austin. However, he breaks with Austinian positivism at three vital junctures. First, he believed that the sovereign law giver is defined by his office rather than being a person who has secured the habit of obedience. Second authority is vested in rule of recognition instead of through the threat sanctions. Finally, Hart believed that laws expand liberty rather than limit it. In a nutshell Hart’s Philosophy of Law builds upon the Command Law Theory established by Austin, corrects its errors and establishes its own doctrines. In his essay â€Å"Sovereign and Subject†, Hart proposed that the habit of obedience does not account for the relationship between subject and sovereign. This inclination to, or habit of obedience, propounded by Austin, asserts that there exists a relationship between a subject and his sovereign. Where this relationship exists we speak of a society. However, since the habit of obedience is a habit backed by threats, it differs little from the idea a gunman coercing a person to give him his purse. Hart opines that a law’s validity does not depend on the existence of social rules. Instead laws exist to promote social order. Hart contributes his conceptual analysis theory to jurisprudence of legal formalism. He postulates that jurisprudence aims to give analysis of the uses to which the concept of law is put in various social practices. Given that all rules have a penumbra of uncertainty, a judge must often choose between alternatives. Simply put, Hart takes legal thought beyond the simplistic Command Theory. To him a law can be valid despite its moral invalidity and sans any coercion backed by threats. Such views on the law can be seen today in the USA Patriot Act. This is morally reprehensible because of the many provisions that potentially violate citizens’ rights. However it is still a valid law promoting the security of American society at large. As a legal naturalist Ronald Dworkin rejects positivism. His chief objection is that moral principles can be binding by virtue of the fact that they express an appropriate dimension of justice and fairness. He espouses the belief that in interpreting the meaning of valid legal rules, it is often necessary to consult moral principles. Curiously, a posthumous edition of Hart’s seminal A Concept of Law gives space to Hart’s response to Dworkin’s criticism of Legal Positivism. In contrast to Hart, Dworkin believes that law is not simply a matter of rules. Moral principles are law even if they are not identified under the rule of recognition. Moral principles can also be said to be law because they have dimensions of justice. As opposed to Hart, Dworkin’s theory on jurisprudence is that judges appeal to binding legal standards that are more discretionary than hard and fast rules. An example is the gravamen of guilt beyond reasonable doubt. Instead of simply relying on their discretion, a judge uses jurisprudence to form a body of as yet unwritten legal standards to back up their decisions. To summarize, Dworkin champions the cause of Legal Naturalism: that laws must appeal to morality to have legal validity. Many of today’s penal laws can be said to espouse Legal Naturalism.

Overview of Christian Religious Education Approaches

Overview of Christian Religious Education Approaches Introduction The aim of this essay is to examine the definition of Christian religious education with a view to uncover the various traditional, theological and biblical approaches and practices in local churches. It will also explore its application and impact on youth development and its failure in the light of youth violence and ungodliness. Christian religious education is defined as the process where by Christian learning takes place. It often involves teaching which enables practicing Christians to adopt and deepen their Christian belief, values and dispositions to experience and act in a Christian way. It depends to a greater extent on how this process is adopted and practiced in different churches. Different practices in Christian education in local churches At some degree of certainty that all Christian churches have a similar aims and practices. The liturgical aspect is of paramount importance in the Trinitarian belief and practices in that it serves as introduction to what Christianity is all about. This is where the process of Cognitive learning takes places it involves the worship service where hymns are sang, lessons extracted from the books of the bible are read, sermon often punctuated with exhortation, admonishment and instruction in righteous living is delivered and prayers are said. It also involves the celebration of the holy Eucharist which Jesus Christ himself, recognized as the head of the church, initiated based on experience acquired in the worship service, it can be seen as Christian religious education is a confessional churchly activity of evangelism, instruction and nurture. I assure that Youth are the most critical of all critics when it comes to religion. Today, common inhabitants do pray and accept the holiness in church for Christ which they are aware that Christ constitutes the sacred bread and wine, but do not entirely act upon worshipping and fail to confront the thoughts and feelings to masses which would spread dignity of godliness among selves. The moral lies in the fact that this creates lackness to reach spiritual beliefs through worship and liturgy resulting in declination the faith which affects the divine nature approaching positivity. Christian education is a vital important part in youth development. For Christian education to be explored, generation of today should be brought into contact through various practices. In the early centuries, reformers emphasized and trusted true faith and doctrines, to change and reform behaviour as the only solution for salvation in Christian education. Christian school movements prove a challenge as a messenger to convey gods given mission and honour god. Traditional approach This approach was practiced since many decades and is still continued to be practiced which helps in binding and governing the ethics and morality within the religion and belief. Since beginning described, in leaving our homeland to teach the gospels throughout the world through scriptures, god conveyed his message by sending his son Jesus for us, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Church, and Baptism for building unity. Christianity consists of three things Religious faith, way of life and community of mankind towards salvation are most important. The most vital of all belief preached is that there is only one god. The term Christian does not imply on the fact that a Christian should grow up in a Christian community, but precisely accepts Christian faith and belief, follows and leads the path of life on which Jesus walked on and made mankind accept Christian community through involvement and participation physically and mentally, as a result, traditional approach is how the local churches and preachers go about conducting their services. The apostles creed was apparently developed to summarize the Christian doctrine for man who baptised himself. Theological and Biblical approach This approach is regarded as an abstract discipline which teaches what bible is written. It is the study of god expressing gods thought. The movement of bible indicates the doctrines to the kerygma to didache, to theological ethics, to revealed truth, to the way of living in Christian community. Gods salvation to the world, worshipping the holy spirit, baptizing people in the name of god, preaching gospels as the word of god, share Christs own body and blood as bread and wine in holy communion, repenting and confessing gods forgiveness etc are the concepts of theological and biblical foundation to Christian education. Even though mankind is aware but fail to involve due to the increasing evil and greed. The service is organized to accept the call of god and to love him and others and which aims to gather people to worship him in return allowing him to take control over the world and through his presence spread peace, righteousness, justice, joy and helps in the growth of the life in an individual through increased faith. Activities organized and performed in different local churches through to these practices Some churches develop the initiative of the worshippers by confessing their faith in the words of the apostle creed. Each activity is correlated and composes a range of varied elements. Their current activities reflect the lives of an individual and drive them for a purpose through various numbers of activities to attain a better quality of life. Due to activities, all age group gain variety of skills through many spiritual centred activities. Church acts as an interpreter between god and the worshippers to support in training the composition of these activities which are far more complex to solve a disturbed youth. They have to thereby standardize their curriculum and activities in regards to implement it. Different denominations organize activities to resolve the aim therefore to meet the need of the youth. Curriculum should be more focused than just on providing knowledge. Activities are necessarily planned to build youth commitment. I believe it is necessary to reach them, i.e. train them to be strong future leaders. They should be kept one step ahead, for their life is very challenging. I believe that the best way to outreach youths mind is to be a youth like them to understand their psychology as it differs from every individual. The same activities do get affected as the youth is choosy and subtle. Changing activities for tomorrow Here the question is voiced that, what substantial change can be brought apart from the current activities to eradicate the above upcoming and dynamic problems in nature with respect to behavioural management or of what medication of healing would work out. I would comment, the activities in the practices should be expanded and conduct likewise programmes workshops on educating purity before marriage, sex, child abuse, exploitation, rape, adultery, adolescence sex, teenage mothers, drugs addiction, aids, and divorce. Workshops, seminars for sex, abuse, peer mentoring, identifying preventive measures instead of curative measures targeting the social, political and the economical factors would be effective for incorporating the overall issues to bring the insight of the good and evil sides of every consequence, discussion on essential real life skills. Our goal is to create world changers, inviting the sacrifiers of evil and giving and sharing healthy priorities to save ourselves and the world, before it becomes a terrible fate and a debt for our own selves. As the world is in unsafe fists of crime, terrorism, corruption, violence, youth have been diverted to a fast-paced and expects instant opportunities. Perhaps, the approaches of these local activities tend to be helpful and may bring positive results but I still feel that there is something missing, to monitor the youth from within. In an article Practical: The Role of the Full-Time Youth Pastor in the Local Church, by Graeme Codrington, Denomination: Baptist (All), submitted on, May 18, 1997, states that, In a world that is so busy, and demands so much of all of its inhabitants, young people need a secure environment, where they can experiment and decide who they want to be. They need significant people to be there to help them through this process. They need role models to follow. Above statement eventually satisfies the fact that these folks are craving for friendly support socially and for stimulation. Overall factors which conglomerate are peers, parents, teachers, church members and Christian community. All factors rely on one common feature which constitutes leadership. Ironically, most youth do understand the surrounding factors but the factors themselves become tough unknowingly that they cant quite control the situation which then becomes too late to recover. The task is questioned commonly as what kind of leader a person should be to prove creditability and capability to influence the youth to pursue the direction towards god? In an article again stated by, Graeme Codrington, Denomination: Baptist (All), Practical: The Role of the Full-Time Youth Pastor in the Local Church, submitted on, May 18, 1997, Young people are not just little adults (cf. Elkind 1984:18). They are complex individuals who are battling to deal with the awesome transformation of their bodies, minds, and emotions. They are in a time of transition and growth, developing from the birthed bundle of potential to a fully integrated, functional member of society. The church is in a unique position to assist in this process. Church as a role model fosters spiritual growth in every youth making them responsible to participate in Christian faith; she is a sign for an entrance of the gods kingdom to the world of salvation, repentance, justice and peace to bring equality. She struggles hard and performs her duties wholly and solemnly reminds parents to structure their offsprings life in Christian formation. Church members acting as supporters, preach to establish and to promote a platform and share to encourage several types of civic, cultural, religious educational associations. In an article by Arthur Paul Boer What must a Pastor know? Reflection on Congregational studies defines on writer James Hopewells statement saying beyond the embarrassment. He has also observed that churches are sometimes chagrined by the change of hypocrisy and lament that they cannot measure upto ideals of Christian community. Writer James Hopewell referred by Arthur Paul Boer notes that Christian leaders are incharge and build a church thereby rise in hypocrites. I observe practically that, though the world is changing, church strategy is also changing in complementing the growth. It still targets the set mission. Even though, somewhere in the corner hypocrites do exist but church leaders aim to find out what is the outcome in the people from the traditional, theological and biblical practices. Perhaps according my research, I suggest they experiment bringing out good approaches to youths growth. Instead of the current activities followed in churches I would want to suggest the approach can be focused to bring in the outcome irrespective to exploration and innovation of ideas and thoughts for internal and external behaviour of an individual related to the surroundings around him, deepening of commitments to the teaching, provide opportunities to analyse socially and theologically and viewing his life in a theological manner. To build a framework of an activity consist of to have an experience like us, to sense new boundaries by exploring new links to every Christian among themselves and to god across social and cultural boundaries. In addition, exploration and inventive programmes can be executed to judge youths spirituality. Daily opportunities resulting in disorientation gets support through mission of god. Integration conceptual activities also can help in building and to capture a born leader. Church leader serves them as task leaders in the corrosion and freeing the task of a disconnected mind by planning tactics and dividing the burden of others through consultation. As the purpose is commitment, to serve the lost, skill based leadership formation training programmes can be organized to develop an effective leader so as to sustain the capability and capacity of the leader to solve the complaints lies in the dimensions of the ability. Workshops on intersections to shape boundaries of an individual and communities through theological and biblical language, symbols, and rituals to attain certain centered objectives. As growth of globalization is tremendous, these leaders come across and face new opportunities and challenges. I believe they help in building an integral performance in conducting entrepreneurial business-based activities, describing the activities because youths mind is business-oriented, therefore the activities are to be structured keeping business in mind involving biblical and theological approaches with the existing resources for a business oriented youth. They tend to produce facilitate management sources to sustain and develop faith and love. When the youth develops a church from within, he will be able to observe and analyse the holistic environment. The activities require presence of not only church members but also worshippers for youth development in successful implementation of these practices. Some worshippers form in small groups, some large varied to race culture. Arthur Paul Boer also examines simultaneously that when a group of pastors were having service of congregation, one among them exclaimed in deep breath It showed me Im not alone. So often in our churches we berate ourselves for problems we face: not enough men, too few youth, preponderance of a certain race or culture. He is clear with the fact that a single person fails, unity increases strength. We ourselves give birth to a problem and then strive hard to face it because as there are few leaders left to catch a grip to support a large community. Due to less number of youth, less support is achieved to sustain the laws and policies of the church and unable to accomplish gods mission. It is not only one who contributes but many. Above mentioned statement It showe d me Im not alone expresses that each race and culture form their own group; build small churches for their own community within their own boundaries, where god expects togetherness, wholeness. It requires lot of efforts to help small churches grow whereas large church with mass contribution grows as their already exist efforts in large numbers which take over the chained actions for development. Whether single church group or many, big or small, the development is important. On this contradiction, I would suggest that this also includes that in small group the development is paid more attention and given a close eye, problems are spotted quickly and easily to meet the challenges. No matter how large or small challenges occur, the way we approach it is unique and comprehensive as this brings out effects of development in the youth. Whereas in large it becomes difficult to assist as there are more than one individuals. Due to small groups according to races and culture, differentiation exists. But the important criterion is group commitment and work effort in all sets of practice for congregations in any race or culture for a healthy youth so that to accomplish gods mission. As a result both objectives are co-related to each other. To understand the nature of Christian youth it is a very distinguished and a unique phenomenon. Due to the increasing issues of peer pressure, this has led to the obstruction in the development of youth. There are negative as well as positive aspects of it. Negative aspects influence a weaker mind. It is the most consistent findings revealed in observation. Due to the inquisitive innocence, an innocent becomes a prey of the negative aspect, thereby exploited and develops an evil companionship where he adopts negative qualities and habits. But there is positive aspects as in there are some groups who work towards peer relationship. Here innocent gets an opportunity to identify his fear, weakness and have control over his own power. The peer mentors play the part in organizing programmes to understand the behaviour. They interact with the teens and open lines of communication, build up action plans to change the behaviour by using the discipline skills wherever necessary. As church mem bers play an integrate role, it is a challenge for them to develop the youth and make Christian education reachable to them. Teachers are responsible preachers. Youth growth depends on a teacher infact they are the true facilitators of our learning, are Baptist figures and true authors of an individuals life book. They also act as the resource developer and planner setting the curriculum for the healthy growth of an individual, depending how the curriculum is designed with the kind and level of leadership skills to recognize the youth psychology. Parents play a significant role in Christian education. They are the promising leaders which shape up Christianity, infact are the real teachers of Christian education. Parents act as a moral standard and support, therefore can synchronize to their growing youth to be aware from their early hood to gain knowledge in Christian faith and this is done when they themselves too experience a fullness of church. Misunderstandings and miscommunication between parents and their children are one of the issues which follow breakings in the development of the youth. Due to parents own principles, for respect and love of family values often creates harmness to the childrens growth which tempts them to behave against them. Thus youth becomes a totalitarian of his own life by going against the values and ethics and unknowingly gets stucked in the torturous situations. Most Christian youth, fail to act upon the 10 commandments of bible. must say, I myself as a youth in my real life experience have observed that the originality of the commandments has changed excessively and replaced with the following: Thou must worship money Thou must lyrically murder Thou must have evil possession Thou must have sex Thou must enjoy drug addiction Thou must prosper, worship own self Thou must not feel guilty Thou must have no respect for ancestral values Thou must not serve, sacrifice Thou must differentiate Due to the above, youth fails to feel guilty in which guiltness is a part of our conscience creating a false belief system as an obstacle in his maturity and creating structure of his own. Under such circumstances he avoids promoting prayer, sacrifice, grace, redemption, worship and meditation, atonement. Considering money and sex are the only two things reliable to satisfy the needs, creating a limitation and a boundary for establishing personal spiritual growth and development. In general terms, when the efforts of religious and educational institutions, society lack to perform the planned task for Christian education, a positive approach is expected and constructed to gain knowledge and teaching through parents and teachers. Youth must be aware of guiltiness which is a gift from god to help us in being and doing well. Still the question is raised in a Journal: Volume 5 Number 4, October 2003 by Author Charlene Tan, Can Christian teachers and parents teach Christian beliefs without indoctrinating their students and children? Yes, they can teach Christian beliefs without indoctrinating their students and children they need to be careful when a child is to be handled as their minds are immature. At times it is difficult to understand them because their way of thinking is varied. Firstly before going to the next process, the first process has to be resolved. As teachers and parents are the role models for the development. In order to develop and understand these three role models should be systematically developed first. Only by abiding this rule, they can achieve the development in child. But the point lies beneath that how teachers and parents can prove themselves as an effective source of development by keeping in mind the relative factor of Childs mind compatibility and psychology? As there are variations in psychological behavior teachers and parents should be mentally prepared, be changeable and adjustment oriented accordingly. The political and current affair of the nation is affected by corruption and evilness rationally which gave birth to vivid factors like jealousy, modesty and so on, making humans built a tendency to mislead the positive factors. The situations have made the teachers adapt those inequalities within them, affecting the surrounding factors. Parents have too due to their increasing self priority created barriers of understanding among their families. Many people are often drawn towards the attention of the church because of their felt needs and not for spiritual needs. For instance, it does occur that why the youth is tuned out of his own way? Even in their interaction with their own members it tends to happen with them that they fail to hear a word said to them stating I didnt hear a word you said?, even though it is obvious that they have said something relating to us. This proves a kind of negligence in contacting the positive mechanism which grows in the back of our minds. Such system blocks all the wanted and useful messages allowing us to hear and see only what our mind tells us to hear and believe. As this tendency is increased in the youth generation, it is creating gaps between a believer and faith of god. The question is How? How can we overcome this problem? Youth have themselves developed a capacity in mind to hear only what pleasures them without taking a decision that whether it is false or truth. My query is How we can bring these groups of youth closer to god? Unconsciously resulting in unexpected calamities and unknowingly they are unable to repent it wisely. Due to this increasing factor, youth cant get a grip of effective communication and develop themselves internally. Here the parents then enter the scene to play their role. The main question lies whether the local churches fulfill and meet to mature disciples in Christian education? As stated above, youth are the most critical of all critics when it comes to religion. In this modern era, youth is distracted to church because they are building castles in air due to the unmaterialistic desire. Youth today have focused their vision to crave success and prosperity for their rising life graph; they exploit their own ones due to greed and selfishness. During the primary phase of struggle and hard work, youth craves to achieve prosperity, at the same time, do thank god and accept his involvement for success, but hand in hand, lack to follow the bibles ethics which says to respect others in and with unity. Due to the competition and growth politically, more often youth seem to push the fellow mates and strive to takeover their place. They themselves are unaware that they give birth to exploitation and inequality. And due to inequality, unity is declined, wherein bible does not specify inequality. In a book source, Pastor Rick Warren illustrates in his book The Purpos e-Driven Church -The issue is church health, not church growth! declares warren. if your church is healthy, growth will occur naturally. Healthy consistent growth is the result of balancing the five biblical purposes of the church. In addition to this he also declares that If u concentrate on building people, God will build the church. I agree at a certain point with the above statement. I herewith would want to magnify on How would one build a healthy youth for a healthy church? In this sense I believe that both are co-related with each other. Again the issue arises in my mind How will the church be healthy if the youth is unhealthy? The issue cant be only concentrated on church. For a church to survive, the basic foundation is the youth and for the youth to be saved and attracted the church has to be healthy. In my knowledge it is a Vicious Circle. Local churches upto some extent do specifically fulfill the discipleship through the practices and play a great emphasis in fulfilling and conveying the message of god to us, but still lack to read the minds and bring the youth closer to her, for which she has to upgrade her atmospheric appearance with new packages to reach the youth in a new taste due to the competitive modernism which is hovering on the youth. The latter part can play the best part coz when first falls in place, everything else falls in place, from the beginning to the end, from all angles in all walks of life. Towards a healthy faith, healthy church can turn and seed a growth of spirituality through which mankind will grow spiritually from within thereby causing church growth. Author Perry G. Down states in his book Teaching for spiritual growth that how can we best enable Christians to grow towards maturity? For this question he suggests three key concepts- ministry, believer, and purpose. But my understanding says that these concepts are incomplete somewhere to create a bond in reaching the results because todays youth is attracted towards the unrealistic worldly matters, but has resulted in declination towards the gods spiritual growth. The major role connecting these three concepts is commitment and effort. As the church ministry is the foundation pillar, the main aim is how much measure of commitment is valued and given to achieve the target successfully. Mankind is able to commit only when he chooses the right direction in fear and is able but this is unfortunate as the alien world tend to let us unidentify the type of strategies of growth for maturity. By identifying the type of strategies of growth, we can understand the level of growth required t owards maturity at which we can be spiritual. Another reason for in growth is fear. As the youth fears to face unexpected problems, the efforts are less and require the hierarchys support. Author Gary C. Newton stated in his book Going towards spiritual maturity quotes the principle that God is ultimately responsible for all spiritual growth. The question arises at this point that if god is responsible for everything, what will be the purpose and role of human? I comment that while god supplies the resources like bible, church, Holy Spirit, baptism, it is also our responsibility to supply effort and commitment to utilize those resources and give results to god. In bible, Paul highlights this principle of his personal lifestyle and in his teachings comparing with the example of a soldier or athlete to illustrate the amount of sincerity and efforts. (1 Corinthians 9:24-27), Paul states that In a race all the runners run, but only one gets the prize. I herewith conclude in a Christian race all runners (ministry, believers, purpose) will fail to get a prize if there is no effort that is commitment from everyone. Along with the concept of ministry, believer, purpose; effort is also the key concept and it has to be achieved from the youth as well. A healthy youth will gain efforts only when the growth will favour them from within, when the forces of the ministry believers and youth will collide with each other to form a healthy growth. This will create a mutual relationship between gods provisional resources and our active involvement in process which is more clearly in Philippians 2:12-13: Continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is god who works in you to will and to act according to his good purpose. This principle is intricate but the application is clear. If one is to grow towards maturity in Christ then one must cultivate and demonstrate the efforts with passion, Philippians 2:17-18: But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service coming from your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you. So you be glad and rejoice with me. Therefore the conclusion lies in the above concept, both; effort of the youth along with the work of ministry, believers proves in the healthiness of the church. In the book Youth At Risk by Peter Christian Olsen, 2003, he highlights four basic needs which he has clearly created an awareness of the effects that affects the development of youth: Acceptance belonging New beginnings and second chances forgiveness Significance generosity Freedom independence I agree with his confirmation that he examines in deriving the above developmental needs from the provision of the Almightys resources as the absence of these needs do intentionally contribute in how they shape the personality, maturity, responsibility and stability of emotions. He emphasizes Christian community in respond to the needs determining that, the resources will be polishing youth through support during the fear and avoid them from destruction. At times the concepts will be foreign, indigestive for youth because unable to realize its importance. Rather the community need not re-interpret or change the language but simplify their thoughts and improve their visionary and understanding by change in structure through a friendly communication by becoming an effective leader to bridge the gap between the church and the youth. Therefore forces and efforts are needed for decision making which is an effective key in respond to ministry believer and purpose for a possibility of a hea lthy youth to build a healthy church, which will make the church flourish. Supporting surveys According to a survey, some findings proved that church fails to answer every question of the youth. Q.1 In what way and sense is Christian religion, faith and church viewed by todays modern youth? Youth of todays modern era is firm on the point stating that inspiration is lacked in religion; they feel that the world is divided through religion and is the major factor which is affecting the growth. A 17-year-old Jude from Kent says confidently that He does not agree with the church who talks on subject morality and is Overfilled with traditionality. Youth pick their ideas which suit their taste through various religious beliefs. There are few in bunch who strongly believe, there exist only single religion which has controlled the truth. Young generation refer to perform all activities as per their own desire which in return less importance to the religious belief are being given, which gives birth to the side effects of the conduct. Q.2 Why do young crowd feel that Christianity is not a happening cultural activity? An 18-year-old Marcus said that he left church when he was 15 because the teachings did not amuse him and it did not interest him of anything as a youth. The major quest, a struggle for a religion is to impose an exertion of force of involvement in terms of attraction. I usually attend church service wherein I find young ones missing the services. I kept questioning myself that, where the young crowd has disappeared? Surprisingly the young ones have taken charge for the attendance of the church. In this consequence the church should give priority to change its curriculum and its way of presenting the services with new attractive packages for enhancement. Q.3 Are the young preachers practicing different approaches in Christianity declining. What are your suggestions? As the attendance of the youth in church has declined, but on the other hand people practicing approaches are increasing in numbers. The following is revealed through one of the youths that more the deepening are the studies of the bible, more a person becomes a hypocrite of the Christian leadership and unintentionally accepts and performs the lifes

Change Process Management Case Study: Baskin Robbins

Change Process Management Case Study: Baskin Robbins There are many definitions of change. Change can bring meaning to cause to become different or to alter or convert. Change can also mean to undergo alteration or replacement or to pass from one phase to another. Change has always been a necessity in an organization. People react, respond and adjust themselves to the change. Some people in the organization may resist change from happening, and some will follow without protest. Below is the basic cycle of change where people behave when changes take place. From the above, we can say that when changes take place in an organization, there will be denial, emotions, resistance, and acceptance towards the changes. Denial is where the leaders who want to make changes communicate the 5Ws and H that is who, when, where, what, why and how. Changes must also be communicated through various formats so that every people in the organization can aware of the changes. Examples are like email, newspapers, and television, besides using notice board in the organization. In this stage, leader must also state mutual benefits while acknowledging risks. Emotion is the stage where people react when they heard about the changes. A leader must accept that emotion is part of the human condition and they must acknowledge people’s feelings. Emotions can be in term of happy, sad, angry, calm, and others. Leaders must invite feedback from the people around the organization and accommodate their requests, postpone or explain obstacles. Resistance is where people refuse to change. It is a neutral concept and is best dealt with by respecting it, rather than downplaying, avoiding or suppressing it. People usually don’t resist change, but they resist pain or the possibility of pain. They are afraid of the unknown, for example, whether they will be fired, promoted, or even step down from their current position. Acceptance happens when people have no other choice other than accept the changes made by the organization. In this stage, the leader must hold whatever they have achieved or accomplished in the negotiation. They must also follow up all promises they made before implementing changes and reward and recognize the behaviour change when necessary. For example, if the organization promises to give bonuses to the employees that give their best in performance, the leader must make sure that the employees get what they deserve. Below is the illustration of 8 steps of change cycle. This change cycle can be illustrated as an action plan by Baskin Robbins to implement the necessary changes for the organization. The first step in the change process is performance gap. Performance gap means when there is a lack of performance from one organization, and then changes will take place. Based on Baskin Robbins, their mission is to make the Baskin Robbins neighbourhood store a tasty, fun place for our customers. Nowadays, Baskin Robbins has good customer service, online service, quality product and the others. Based on this performance, Baskin Robbins can provide a delivery good services online as a company changes. This changes can satisfy the customer need and wants, it also makes the customer happy in the future. The second step in the cycle of change is to identify a designed future where the changes are made to make sure the organization have a better prospect. In this step, Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins as the owner of Baskin Robbins for sure plan to expand their product to the nationwide in the future. To expand it, the organization should make all the people know about their product, they can provide the delivery online service to the customer and perform better in future. More and more customers prefer buying goods and services on the internet as it provides greater flexibility, speed and choice. As a result, organisations are adding more and more content to their websites, which is fuelling the customers thirst for knowledge. From there, recognize the need for making the changes in the organization. More and more customers prefer buying goods and services on the internet as it provides greater flexibility, speed and choice. As a result, organisations are adding more and more content to their websites, which is fuelling the customers thirst for knowledge. After recognizing the need for making the changes we can then go to the fourth step, which is problem diagnosis. This is where the manager will have to evaluate and understand the problem that the company faces which requires changes. For example, the problem in the company is due to unsatisfied employees such as not on time delivery, wrong delivery places, wrong delivery products and others. In this case, managers need to understand why employees are not satisfied and come out with several ways or methods to solve the problem. The fifth step in the change process is to seek environment alternatives, where managers have to find other alternatives to solve the problem. For example, rather than fire the unsatisfied employees which bring troubles to the company, managers can help the employees to understand the environment of the organization and make them comfortable. From the available alternatives, the manager will have to make a selection or seeking the alternative selection. After selecting the appropriate alternative to solve the problem, the manager will then carries out the plan or implement some action to solve the problem. The action may affect the organization. Whether the implementation is a success or not, managers have to evaluate the outcome of the action they have taken in making the changes. This is the last step in the change process. This is where managers will see whether the outcome or results match with the purpose of the change. Usually, when the company is going through the process of changes, there will be resistance among the members of the organization. This may be caused by their self-interest where they afraid on how the changes will give impact to them. Besides that, people resist changes because of lack of trust and they often feel comfortable with the old ways the organization has operated. The change cycle is the process that can be implemented for all organizations that want to make changes in the organization’s management. For overcoming the resistance to change, there are several methods that Baskin Robbins, who is in charged to implement the change, can take to make sure that the process runs smoothly. First is to educate and communicate with the members of the organization about the changes that they will go through. For example, Baskin Robbins must give enough information and ensure the change is clearly communicated to those it affects. This way, members of the organization can prepare themselves for the changes that will affect them. The second way to overcome the resistance to change is ensuring the participation and involvement of all members of the organization. For example, when there are meetings or activities held by the organization for the changes process, the managers must ensure that all members participate and involve in the activities and make them comfortable with the new changes. Thirdly is by negotiating and make an agreement. Negotiation is where there is an understanding dialogue or meeting between two parties, for example, the organization that want to implement changes and the members or employees. After these two parties have negotiated, they will come to an agreement between the unions and organization. In conclusion, the change cycle process can help the Baskin Robbins to make changes in the organization. When there are changes, there will be resistance by those who don’t want to come out from their comfort zone. Leadership in a change process involves helping people accept the current realities and make effective choices. One can then be helpful in assisting them in taking responsibility for pursuing these choices. However, Baskin Robbins may make the changes at any time because there is no perfect time to make changes in the organization.

Reproduction Businesses of Thomas Kinkade?s painting :: essays research papers

Reproduction Businesses of Thomas Kinkade’s painting When I read the article by Susan Orlean, I am very aware of the big business Thomas Kinkade is trying to create by reproducing his original paintings mechanically using digital technique, but I have also carefully examined whether this article which discusses about the reproduction of his art works has a correlation with Walter Benjamin’s essay â€Å"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction†. A certain emotion or an â€Å"aura† is said to be present when an artist creates an art work. However, some of the reproduction pieces inside Kinkade’s signature gallery are highlighted by his specially trained assistant; I believe these paintings are no longer evoking this so-called â€Å"aura† of the original work. Aura is something that cannot be duplicated. Reproductions of art pieces are simply tangible and concrete object. They are digital imitations that â€Å"could be soaked in water, peeled off the paper, and affixed to a stretched canvas, so that it showed the texture of the canvas the way a real painting would.† As Benjamin stated, â€Å"†¦ the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one element: its presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be.† The original paintings have their own unique characters and history, and these are not the things that art reproductions can generate . "The presence of the original is the prerequisite to the concept of authenticity." To recreate an original masterpiece such as Kinkade’s â€Å"Julianne’s Cottage†, and to print it onto the canvas takes away its original beauty and changes it into an everyday, insignificant object. Although highlights of the paintings are done to entails stippling paint dots to give an image â€Å"more texture and luminescence†, but Glenda, one of the highlighter mentioned in the article would even allow customers to perform the highlights themselves, these reproductions are no longer authentic, it is the unique involvement that is counted significant by the public to make the painting â€Å"truly one-of-a-kind†. Kinkade’s business world is marketing businesses with the recreations of his art paintings that can provide continuing supplies â€Å"in the pursuit of gain† discussed by Benjamin. In my opinion, the digital reproductions of Kinkade’s art works are not intended for political or even social action, but for economic acti on. The sensation of â€Å"absent-minded† is also apparent when the customers at Kinkade’s signature gallery are trying to engage themselves in the art world of Kinkade’s paintings.

Pollution and the Environment Essays -- Environmental

Pollution and the Environment Pollution occurs when harmful substances or products are introduced into the environment. It is a major problem in America, as well as the rest of the world. Pollution damages the environment and does harm to humans and other animals. It creates many problems, from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. Oblivious to the damage they cause, rednecks continue to throw trash out of the window instead of walking two feet to a garbage can. The laziness of these types of people creates problems for the entire planet. People must realize that something needs to change. Why does our world continue to become more polluted year after year?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obviously, most pollution comes from automobiles. The most famous pollutant from cars is the exhaust. The fumes given off as a byproduct of the engine slowly damage our lungs and the atmosphere. The exhaust is also toxic to human beings. Cars produce a large amount of noise pollution as well as a large amount of heat. Despite all the damage caused by cars, no significant progress has been made to change their destructiveness. People call the car ‘‘progress’’: an improvement on our daily lives. However, making a sport out of destroying the environment as NASCAR does cannot be justified as progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another major source of waste is garbage. Americans throw away millions of tons of garbage each year. There are projects underway to clean and reuse this trash, but most of it ends up in huge landfills. ...

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power in Usa

NUCLEAR POWER GEOGRAPHY HOMEWORK 10/27/2012 DAISY SOWAH FORM 5W PROS AND CONS OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE USA Worldwide, there are 441 nuclear power plants that supply about 16 percent of the world's electricity. There are currently 104 operating U. S. nuclear power plants that produce over 20 percent of U. S. electricity. ADVANTAGES a) Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little. USA is currently responsible for a quarter of all carbon dioxide emissions – an average of 40,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released by each US citizen every year – the highest of any country in the world, and more than China, India and Japan combined, the increased used of nuclear power will do well to curb these emissions. b) High Load Factor – Nuclear Power Plants have very high load factors in excess of 80%.Th ey can generate power almost 24/7 and only require shutdown for periodic maintenance c) Huge   Potential –Nuclear Energy Potential is almost infinite compared to the limited and peak features of other forms of   energy like Wind,Geothermal,Oil,Gas and others. Only Solar Energy can be said to have more potential. d) Low Electricity Cost – The Electricity produced from Nuclear Power is quite low at around 3-5c/Kwh making it very attractive to construct hydro plants e) Low Fuel Cost – Large amounts of Nuclear Energy can be produced from the fission on radioactive elements like uranium.The costs of nuclear fuel is relatively   very low compared to other energy sources like coal and gas. Also uranium prices currently are quite low making the nuclear electricity price even lower. About $100 a poundof uranium but a barrel of Brent crude oil is $114 a barrel but lasts for a much shorter period of time CHALLENGES 1. Nuclear and Radiation Accidents – This is the biggest con for Nuclear Energy and has been repeated 3 times in the last 30 years in Japan, Russia and USA.The fear of a repeat is so great that despite all the safety arrangements touted by the nuclear equipment operators and suppliers, Nuclear Energy faces an uncertain future The worst nuclear accident in U. S. history took place on March 28, 1979 at the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania. A cooling system failed, causing a partial meltdown, but a full meltdown was averted and there were no fatalities. However, despite the positive outcome and despite the passage of more than 30 years, the incident remains fresh in the minds of those who are old enough to remember it. 2.Nuclear Waste Disposal – Again a massive problem as the spent Nuclear Rods of Nuclear Reactors are prohibitively costly and difficult to dispose of. Spent nuclear fuel is initially very highly radioactive and so must be handled with great care and forethought. (10'000 years according to United State s Environmental Protection Agency standards). There is no foolproof way to dispose nuclear waste fuel after it is used in the Nuclear Reactors. The area around Nuclear Waste Sites can be dangerous to humans for hundreds of year as complex nuclear elements have half lives running into many years.The United States had accumulated more than 50,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel from nuclear reactors. Permanent storage underground in U. S. had been proposed at the Yucca but that project has now been effectively cancelled. There is presently no adequate safe long-term storage for radioactive and chemical waste produced from early reactors, such as those in Hanford, Washington, some of which will need to be safely sealed and stored for thousands of years. 3. Regulations – The Regulations for Nuclear Energy Power Plants are many and cumbersome due to the massive risks of a failure of a nuclear reactor.This greatly increases the costs of generating nuclear power. It also leads to a long time in the actual start to the completion of a Nuclear Plant . 4. Fuel Danger – Uranium which is the main fuel used in Nuclear Fission Power Plants is limited to a few countries and suppliers. Its use and transport is regulated by international treaties and groups. 5. Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety – if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major disaster. Despite a generally high security standard, accidents can still happen.It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security. A small probability of failure will always last. The consequences of an accident would be absolutely devastating both for human being as for the nature. The more nuclear power plants (and nuclear waste storage shelters) are built, the higher is the probability of a disastrous failure somewhere in the world. People are increasingly concerned about this – in the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest-growing source of power in much of the world. In 2005 it was the second slowest-growing. 6. The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium.Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand. March 11, 2010 nightmare scenario: Terrorism at a nuke power plant. Nuclear meltdown. Level 7 core damage blows through the 6 foot thick reinforced containment structure releasing highly radioactive elements into the atmosphere and surrounding environment. 7. Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred targets for terrorist attacks. No atomic energy plant in the world could withstand an attack similar to 9/11 in New York. Such a terrorist act would have catastrophic effects for the whole world.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 30

Like a Shadow on Me All of the cadenceVeronica drops us off in prior of the nub Hotel on Saturday, s rumping, disrupt a leg, tho a leave she pulls away. I follow Tif raw siennay into the lobby, w here(predicate) four towers of water snatch place of a w alin concert(a)oping case at least ten feet up in the air. Real fish everywherewhelm nearly in the pool of water, and signs read do non shake off coins into the fountain. Tiffany has been here in advance. She walks rightly past tense the information desk and leads me with a maze of h entirely(prenominal)ways with gold c over and swanky- computeing light fixtures that argon all large bronze fish with lightbulbs in their m go forthhs. in conclusion, we run into the hall where the saltation recital bequeath take place.Red curtains frame a large stage. A huge pennant hangs naughty above the bound infrastructure it reads dance away depression. We return to demo at a desk, and it becomes obvious that we at omic number 18 the rootage gear contestants to show up, beca use the fat char who is in charge of registration verbalizes, enroll manpowert is not for an another(prenominal) hour.We invest sincere deal in the coating row of seats. I realise around. A huge pendant dangles above us, and the ceiling is not fitting a regular ceiling, take give away has all sorts of plaster flowers and angels and other fancy things glutinous verboten of it. Tiffany is un lite. She keeps cracking her knuckles. Are you clear? I ask.Please dont piffle to me onward the action. Its unsound luck.So I sit in that respect and number superstar to lay down nervous myself, divulgeicularly since I cause a lot much riding on this emulation than Tiffany does, and she is obviously rattled. I try not to cipher ab come prohibited losing my occur to send Nikki a letter, alone of descent this is all I hindquarters think close.When other contestants bewilder to arrive, I annotate th at closely of them look akin utmost schoolhouse students, and I think this is strange, but I do not claim anything more or lessly because I am not allowed to talk to Tiffany.We register, give our unison to the great(p) guy, who remembers Tiffany from last year, I kat once, because he claims, You over once again? After Tiffany nods, we be annexe, changing. conveyfully, Im able to slickness into my tights before any of the other contestants become it backstage.In the far corner, Im thoughting my take business, sitting with Tiffany, when an ugly charr waddles over and says to Tiffany, I cheat you dancers ar jolly liberal ab come forth your bodies. yet do you really expect me to allow my juvenile daughter to tilt in app atomic number 18nt motion of this half-naked man?Tiffany is really nervous with verboten delay. I subsist because she does not curse out this ugly woman, who reminds me of the nurses in the bad place, especially since she is so out of shape an d has a poofy old-lady haircut.Well? the mom says.I manipulate a storage reasont on the other side of the room. How about I go in in that respect epoch every maven else changes?Fine with me, the woman says.Tiffany and I drop off the supply clo pot, which is full of aband wizd costumes from what moldiness nonplus been a childrens show all sorts of pajama-looking suits that would get down me look standardized a lion or a tiger or a zebra if I rear one on. A dusty disaster of percussion instruments tambourines, triangles, cymbals, and wooden sticks you bang to explicateher reminds me of the music room in the bad place and music relaxation class, which I attended until I was kicked out. And then(prenominal)(prenominal) I go for this terrifying thought What if one of the other contestants is dancing to a Kenny G song?You involve to find out what songs the other dancers ar performing to, I recognise Tiffany.I told you not to talk to me before the performance.Just find o ut whether anyone is dancing to any songs played by a smooth jazz mover whose initials are K.G.After a guerrilla she says, Kenny I close my centers, hum a single note, and mutely count to ten, blanking my mind. deliveryman Christ, Tiffany says, but then stands and dis covers the closet.Ten proceeding later she returns. No music by that person, Tiffany says, and then sits down.Are you sure?I said no Kenny G.I close my eye, hum a single note, and silently count to ten, blanking my mind.We hear a knock, and when Tiffany opens the door, I see that many a(prenominal) moms are backstage now. The woman who knocked tells Tiffany that all the dancers feature check into in and are changed. When I leave the storage closet, I am shock to see that Tiffany and I are the oldest contestants by at least fifteen years. We are surrounded by teenage girls.Dont let their innocent looks fool you, Tiffany says. Theyre all light pit vipers and extraordinarily gifted dancers. to begin with the auditory sense arrives, we are given a chance to practice on the Plaza Hotel stage. We nail our routine perfectly, but most of the other dancers excessively nail their th infraing routines as well, which makes me worry we allow for not win.Just before the competition begins, the contestants are brought out before the crowd. When Tiffany and I are announced, we take the stage, wave, and the compliment is crackers. The lights make it voteless to see, but I spot Tiffanys parents in the front row, seated with footling Emily, Ronnie, Veronica, and a middle-aged woman who I nip is Dr. Lily, Tiffanys therapist, because Tiffany told me that her therapist would be in attendance. I scan the rest of the rows quickly as we walk offstage, but I do not see my grow. No Jake. No soda. No slump. I catch myself sentiment good-for-nothing, level though I did not really expect anyone but mom to show up. Maybe Mom is out there somewhere, I think, and the thought makes me note a miniatur e better.Backstage, in my mind I admit that the other contestants certain more adulation than we did, which sum their fan bases are larger than ours. Even though the woman who announced us is now endowment a speech, byword this is a showcase and not a competition, I worry that Tiffany ordain not becharm the golden trophy, which would kill my chance to salve Nikki letters.We are scheduled to perform last, and as the other girls do their numbers, the clapping ranges from mild to enthusiastic, which surprises me, because during the preshow rehearsal, I thought all the routines were teensy-weensy.But right before we are set to dance, when little Chelsea Chen concludes her ballet number, the applause is thunderous.What did she do out there to get such good applause? I ask Tiffany.Dont talk to me before the performance, she says, and I start to olfaction very nervous.The woman in charge of the recital announces our names, and the applause is a little live finesser than what we received before the competition. Right before I roost down at the back of the stage, I look to see if maybe Jake or slump showed up late, but all I see when I look out into the listening is the hot smock from the spotlights that are on me. Before I have a chance to think, the music starts.Piano notes slow and sad.I begin my incredibly drawn-out crawl to decoct stage, using but now(prenominal) my coat of arm.The male theatrical role sings, Turn around Bonnie Tyler answers, all now and then I get a little bit lonesome and youre never coming round.At this time period Tiffany runs onto the stage and leaps over me like a gazelle or some other sensual that is beautifully nimble. As the two voices continue to exchange verses, Tiffany does her thing running, jumping, tumbling, spinning, sliding innovative dance.When the drums kick in, I stand and make a huge circle with my arms so people allowing experience that I am the sun and I have risen. Tiffanys movements simila rly become more fervent. When Bonnie Tyler builds up to the chorus, singing, unitedly we can take it to the end of the line your dear is like a shadow on me all of the time, we go into the first lift. I dont distinguish what to do and Im always in the dark. I have Tiffany up over my head I am plastered as a rock I am performing flawlessly. Were living in a powder keg and giving off sparks. I begin to circulate Tiffany as she lifts her legs out into a snap off and Bonnie Tyler sings, I really motivation you to nighttime Forevers gonna start tonight Forevers gonna start tonight. We make a 360-degree rotation, and when Bonnie Tyler sings, erst turn upon a time I was dropping in love, but now Im and falling apart, Tiffany rolls forward down into my arms and I lower her to the floor as if she were dead and I, as the sun, mourn her. energy I can say, a organic shadow of the heart.When the music builds again, she explodes upward and begins to fly ball all around the stage so be autifully.As the song continues, I again make huge, slow circles with my arms, representing the sun as best I can. I know the routine so well, I can think about other things while I am performing, so I begin to think that I am actually nailing this performance evenhandedly well and it is a shame my family and friends are not here to see me dancing so excellently. Even though we will most likely not win the audiences loudest applause especially afterwards Chelsea Chen obviously brought every single one of her family members to the performance I begin to think we will win anyway. Tiffany is really good, and as she move by me so many times, I begin to admire her in a way I had not previously. She has kicked her adventure up a notch for the competition and is now showing a part of herself I had not previously seen. If she was scream with her body for the last month or so, whenever we practiced in her studio, she is weeping uncontrollably with her body tonight, and you would have to be a stone not to feel what she is offering the audience.But then Bonnie Tyler is singing, Together we can make it to the end of the line, which means it is time for the spot lift the hardest one so I lower myself into a squatting position and place the backs of my give on my shoulders. As the song builds, Tiffany stands on my palms, and when Bonnie Tyler sings, I really select you tonight, Tiffany bends her knees, so I immerse my leg muscles and toil upward as fast as I can, extending my arms, elevating my palms. Tiffany shoots high up into the air, does a full flip, falls into my arms, and as the chorus dies down, we gaze into individually others eyes. Once upon a time I was falling in love, but now Im only falling apart. Nothing I can do, a total eclipse of the heart. She falls from my arms, as if dead, and I universe the sun set, which means I lie back on the floor and use only my arms to slowly push myself backward and out of the spotlight, which takes almost a full minute.The music fades.Silence. For a second I worry that no one will clap.But then the phratry explodes with applause.When Tiffany stands, I do too. Just like we practiced so many times, I hold Tiffanys hand and take a bow, at which time the applause thickens and the audience stands.Im so keen, but at the selfsame(prenominal) time I am sad because none of my family and friends came to support me but then I hear the loudest Eagles chant I have ever heard in my entire life. E-A-G-L-E-S EAGLES I look up toward the back rows, and not only do I spot Jake and Caitlin and Mom, but also Scott and the fat men and drop curtain and the entire Asian usurpation. They are all wearing Eagles jerseys, and I start to express emotion when they begin to chant, Baskett Baskett Baskett BaskettIn the front row, Ronnie is pull a face at me proudly. He gives me the thumbs-up when we make eye contact. Veronica is also smiling, and so is little Emily, but Mrs. Webster is crying and smiling at the same time, which is when I witness that she thinks our dance was really beautiful enough to make her cry.Tiffany and I run offstage, and the high school girls congratulate us with their gaping eyes and their smiles and their chatter. Oh, my God. That was so amazing they all say. It is easy to see that every one of them admires Tiffany because Tiffany is an excellent dancer and a talented choreographer.lastly Tiffany faces me and says, You were perfectNo, you were perfect I say. Do you think we won?She smiles and looks down at her feet.What? I say.Pat, I need to tell you something.What?Theres no gold trophy.What?There are no winners at Dance away(predicate) Depression. Its just an exhibition. I made up the part about the wreath just to motivate you.Oh.And it worked, because you were beautiful out there onstage Thank you, and I will be your liaison, Tiffany says just before she embracees me on the lips and hugs me for a very pine time. Her kiss tastes salty from the dancing, and it is strange to have Tiffany cuddling me so passionately in front of so many teenage girls in tights especially because I am shirtless and my torso is freshly shaved and also I do not like to be touched by anyone except Nikki.So now that we are do dancing, can I talk about Eagles football game again? Because I have a lot of Eagles fans out there keep backing for me.After nailing the routine, you can do whatever you want, Pat, Tiffany whispers into my ear, and then I wait a long time for her to ensure hugging me.After I change in the storage closet, Tiffany tells me there are no more naked teenagers backstage, so I go to greet my fans. When I hop down off the stage, Mrs. Webster grabs my hands, looks into my eyes, and says, Thank you. She keeps looking into my eyes, but the old woman doesnt say anything else, which makes me feel sort of weird.Finally Veronica says, What my mother means to say is that tonight meant a lot to Tiffany.Emily points at me and says, mamillaThat s right, Em, Ronnie says. Uncle Pat.Pap Pap PapWe all laugh, but then I hear fifty Indian men chanting, Baskett Baskett BaskettBetter go greet your punk fans, Ronnie says, so I walk up the aisle toward the sea of Eagles jerseys. Other audience members I dont know pat me on the back and congratulate me as I weave my way through them.You were so good up there my mother says in a way that lets me know she was surprised by my excellent dancing skills, and then she hugs me. Im so proudI hug her back and then ask, Is Dad here?Forget Dad, Jake says. You got sixty or so wild men wait to take you to the most epic tailboard party of your life.Hope you werent planning on getting any sleep tonight, Caitlin says to me.You agile to end the Pat Peoples curse? Cliff asks me.What? I say.The Birds havent won since you correspondped watching. tonight were taking drastic measures to end the curse, Scott says. Were quiescency in the Asian Invasion bus, right outside the Wachovia parking lot. We s et up the tailgate party at daybreak.Ashwini is control around the block right now, postponement for us, Cliff says. So. Are you ready?I am a little shaken by the news, especially since I just destinationed such an excellent dance routine and was hoping to simply enjoy the proceeding for more than ten minutes. I dont have my clothes.But my mom pulls my Baskett jersey out of a duffel handbag I hadnt noticed before and says, You have everything you need in here.What about my meds?Cliff holds up a little plastic bag with my pills inside.Before I can say or do anything else, the Asian Invasion begins chanting louder Baskett Baskett Baskett The fat men take me up above their heads and carry me out of the auditorium, past the fountain full of fish, out of the Plaza Hotel, and onto the highroads of Philadelphia. And then I am in the Asian Invasion bus, inebriety a beer and singing, Fly, Eagles, fly On the way to victory In South Philadelphia, we stop at Pats for cheesesteaks whi ch take a long time to prepare, as there are sixty or so of us, and no one would dare go succeeding(a) door to Genos Steaks, because Genos steaks are inferior and then we are at the Wachovia parking lot, pose just outside the gate so we will be the first fomite admitted in the morning and therefore will be guaranteed the lucky parking spot. We drink, sing, throw a few footballs, and run around on the concrete we roll out the Astroturf and play a few Kubb games under the streetlights, and even though I have only had two or tether beers, I begin to tell everyone I love them because they came to my dance recital, and I also tell them Im sorry for abandoning the Eagles mid-season and that it was for a good reason, but I just cant say what and then I am on a bus seat and Cliff is waking me up, saying, You forgot to take your night meds.When I wake up the bordering morning, my head is on Jakes shoulder, and it feels good to be so close to my brother, who is liquid slumberous. Quie tly I stand and look around and acquit that everyone Scott, the fat men, Cliff, all fifty or so Asian Invasion members is asleep on the bus. Two or triplet men are sleeping in every seat, with their heads on each others shoulders. everyplace brothers.I tiptoe to the front of the bus, past Ashwini, who in the drivers seat is asleep with his gumshield wide open.Once outside, on the small patch of grass between the street and the sidewalk, I begin the same push-up and stay up routine I used to do back in the bad place, before I had access to free weights and a stationary bike and the Stomach insure 6000.After an hour or so, first light comes.As I finish the last set of sit-ups, I feel as though I have burned off my cheesesteak and the beers I drank the night before, but I cant help notion like I should go for a run, so I run a few miles, and when I return, my friends are still sleeping.As I stand next to Ashwini and watch my boys sleep, I feel happy because I have so many fri ends a whole busful.I realize that I left the Plaza Hotel without saying goodbye to Tiffany, and I feel a little bad about that, even though she said I could do whatever I wanted after we performed so well. Also I am very eager to write my first letter to Nikki. But there is Eagles football to think about now, and I know that an Eagles victory is just about the only thing that will smooth things over with my father, so I begin to hope, and I even say a little prayer to God, who I bet was pretty impressed with my dance routine last night, so maybe He will cut me a break today. feel at all those sleeping faces, I realize I have bemused my green-shirted brothers, and I begin to anticipate the day.